Just as there exist fresh wines like Beaujoulais as well as finely aged wines, just as there are famous wine production sites around the world each with individual characteristics, so I recently learned there exist similar complexities of type, location, and production in Chinese tea. A group of international women descended upon the TenFu Tea and Culture House near Wangfujing in Beijing last week to learn about the different teas and sample them as well. What an eye-opening occasion! So many types: green, yellow, red, black (aka ‘fermented’), white and flower/scented. And so many types within types!
(from left to right: Pu'er, red, green and Oolong teas)
The TenFu Tea and Culture House is located next to the Novotel Peace Hotel on JinBao Jie, within walking distance of Wangfujing and the Hyatt, the Peninsula and Hong Kong Jockey Club, to name a few places. (The address in Chinese is 天福茗茶,王府井金鱼胡同3号, tel. 6526-3266, Chinese only.) The ground floor, in addition to product sales, has an exhibit of various art and ordinary teapots as well as tasting tables where you can sample different types of tea. Upstairs, on the second floor, is not only a start-of-the-art conference room but a FABULOUS display of the production methods of the main types of tea I describe below. Signs are in both Chinese and English.
I am so excited that I want to share my new basic knowledge.
Green Tea 录茶Green tea is the most natural of Chinese teas. It is picked, naturally dried, and then “fried”briefly (think quick dry wok fry) to get rid of its initial grassy smell. According to Chinese, it has the most healthful/medicinal value and the least caffeine of the various types of tea.
West Lake Dragon Well tea (龙井茶) from Zhejiang Province (浙江省)is a famous green tea. The leaves of green tea should be green and you should check expiry dates on tea packages as these are freshly picked. The tea color should also be a light green color.
The story of another famous green tea Bi Luo Chun(碧螺春),or Green Snail Spring tea as it is translated, illustrates this early harvest. I learnt it in a Chinese language lesson and every small child learns this in China!
It is said that in the Tang Dynasty a village was terrorized by a dragon in the lake. Every year the dragon demanded a male and female virgin, and one year he demanded the beautiful young maiden Bi Luo Chun, who had a beautiful singing voice. A strong youth secretly in love with her, upon hearing the dragon’s demand, went to battle the dragon and after 7 days defeated the dragon. Alas, he was also mortally wounded. Bi Luo Chun, having realized his love, tended to his wounds. In desperation, she came upon a small hillside shrub bearing new leaves. She put the new leaves in her mouth to melt the springtime frost and brought them back to stew in water and feed to the village’s savior. The youth recovered, but not Bi Luo Chun, who died. The village and youth, in her honor, protected the shrub and planted more and named it after her. (See http://tea.timzhao.com/ctcom/LITER/biluochu.html for a more complete rendition of this story.)Fermented and/or Compressed Tea (黑茶)
I love this type of tea, and even though it has been, at time, the most expensive tea due to its long aging process, it is not as widely popular in China as some of the other teas like green or Oolong tea.
Pu ‘er (普洱) tea is from Yunnan (云南) Province and is like a fine bottle of aged wine. The tea leaves are withered, or dried, then fermented a long time, then roasted. By fermentation, think of a bit of natural composting going on! Pu’er is both loose leaf and compressed into “cakes”, as shown in the photo below. When brewed, it has a deep, dark color.
It is well-known as a digestive for over-stuffed stomachs, which explains why it is the tea of CHOICE for many dim sum restaurants! But I learned from a tea expert last week two more uses:
1) as a “hangover” restorative; and
2) as a sleep-aide when combined with a few dried lavendar leaves, chrysanthemum flowers and a whole preserved kumquat (which TenFu sells – yummy!) or the peel of a kumquat.
I can now attest to the latter from personal experience. ☺
[Note: In translation, confusion reigns. This tea in Chinese translates as “black tea”. Read on below about “Red Tea” and you’ll learn why this gets so confusing!]
Oolong (乌龙) TeaOolong, also known as Ching Cha (青茶), is halfway between green and fermented tea because it is half-fermented. The tea leaves are withered and spread before a short fermentation process. The leaves are then fried (remember, wok-dry), rolled and roasted. The tea is not quite green, but not quite dark.
Tie Guan Yin (铁观音)from Fujian Province(福建省) is a famous Oolong tea. In addition to having a delightful fragrance, “a month-long experiment by a Japanese doctor showed the (Oolong) tea reduces body fat and rejuvenates internal organs, because it contains a large amount of polyphenol” (see the entire article at
http://www.nutraingredients.com/Research/Oolong-tea-fights-fat-and-cholesterol).
Red (红) TeaHere is where translation gets goofy. Red Chinese tea is what we in the West know as “black” tea. Think Lipton tea! That’s what we are talking about here. Freshly brewed, it does have a red color.
Flower or Scented (花) TeaChrysanthemum tea is a great example of this type. Also, the famous Jasmine tea is this type as well. These are not really leaves, but portions of a flower that are picked, dried and then steeped in hot water to make a brew. Fine Jasmine teas have a perfume that is out of this world. Tea houses also combine flower teas with other types of tea, for example, Oolong and Osmanthus (归花)tea (good for reducing coughs).
When???We foreigners asked, at what time of the day do people drink these different types of tea? Grandly oversimplifying, I know, but helpful to those of us with no background was the following response: Green tea in the morning or mid-afternoon for pure relaxation and enjoyment; Oolong tea after lunch to help digest; Pu’er in the evening, before bed. Others, whenever!
Uncle Lee’s Tea is the TenFu U.S. market brand. TenFu also opened tea houses in California called “Cha for Tea”. (See the websites www.unclelee.com and www.chafortea.com for more information.)
By the way, I do not WORK for them or KNOW them. I just had a great experience with their place here in Beijing! Gotta go for a cuppa – enjoy yours.